KAGC College GREEN FASHION

KAGC GREEN FASHION 

Title :KAGC GREEN FASHION- ECO DRESS MAKING COMPETITION 

Date  : 08TH NOV 2016 (TUESDAY)

Time : 4.00 P.M. ~ 5.00 P.M. 

Venue : : Level 4, Chemistry Lab, KAGC

TREADLE PUMP

KAGC College report: http://www.kagc.edu.my/treadle-pump/Treadle pumps free farmers from dependence on rain-fed irrigation and helps farmers maximize return on their small plots of land. The treadle pump can do most of the work of a motorized pump, but costs considerably less. Because it needs no fossil fuel (it is driven by the operator’s body weight and leg muscles), it can also cost less (50%) to operate than a motorized pump. It can lift five to seven cubic metres of water per hour from wells and boreholes up to seven metres deep and can also be used to draw water from lakes and rivers.

Treadle pumps are most commonly used by farmers on small plots of land, typically about the size of an acre. They are also used in poor countries and small villages such as: villages in Africa, small farmers in Asia, and anywhere else where money is an issue.

The treadle pump was invented in 1980 by Gunnar Barnes, Agriculture Co-ordinator for Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) in Bangladesh. With input from Dan Jenkins, USAID engineer. RDRS had begun the search for efficient, low-cost irrigation technology using local materials from 1975, experimenting with many varieties. The main criteria were that it should be able to irrigate at least 0.5 ha of wheat, the total cost of purchase and installation was not to be more than the price of one bag of paddy, and the pump was to be simple enough to make and repair locally. This led to the use of bamboo tubewell and frame, and other locally available materials.

The treadle pump was introduced in December, 1980, and thereafter the RDRS workshop produced 20 pumps a day to meet demands. By 1982 there were different models of the pump: twin tubewell, twin dugwell, twin low-lift, twin tubewell with drinking spout, and household model.

PRODUCTION AND MARKETING

As the small RDRS workshop in Rangpur was unable to keep up with demand, RDRS helped local entrepreneurs set up workshops to make the treadle pump (known early on as the “twin treadle pump”).

The first of the workshops was the North Bengal Agriculture Workshop in Lalmonirhat (NBAW), started in 1981. The fourth workshop was that of Mr. Narendra Nath Deb. Mr. Deb was already making pumps of his own design, but contracted in 1984 for his workers to be trained in making the treadle pump. By the end of 1984, 26,701 treadle pumps had been sold. Since 1985, 84 manufacturers now produce treadle pumps and have currently sold 1.4 million treadle pumps to small plot Bangladeshi farmers.

One of the first instances of the treadle pump moving out of Bangladesh was its promotion by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines in 1984, under Robert Stickney. There it was called the “Tapak-Tapak” Pump.

In 1986, IDE identified the treadle pump as a technology which could help raise income and productivity on small farms, and entered into the field of marketing the pumps. IDE also started helping to set up workshops to make the pump, and has gone on to be one of the main players in disseminating the treadle pump technology throughout the world.

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

Since its inception, the treadle pump has had many modifications. One of the most useful has been the pressure pump, which enables water to be pumped above the height of the pump. A main player in its development was Carl Bielenberg, whose work (based on a 1985 design by Dan Jenkins) was supported by Appropriate Technology International, and CARE.

This model has also been adapted to suit local conditions and material available. Pressure treadle pumps allow farmers to spray water and run sprinklers, eliminating the need for an elevated water storage tank and suction pump system. Pressure pumps are widely in use in East Africa though KickStart International and in Myanmar through Proximity Designs. Many Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) (IDE, IDE-India, iDE UK, KickStart International, Proximity Designs, Practical Action (formally ITDG) have been active in developing treadle pumps, as have student and researcher teams at universities.

UNDERWATER OCEAN TURBINES: A NEW CLEAN ENERGY ALTERNATIVE

UNDERWATER OCEAN TURBINES: A NEW CLEAN ENERGY ALTERNATIVE

THE CONCEPT

A new technology that harnesses the power of ocean currents could provide a clean and limitless form of renewable energy. The idea is to use giant underwater turbines to capture the energy from deep-ocean currents, such as the Gulf Stream off the coast of Florida. While energy generated from these turbines may not be able to completely replace fossil fuels, the devices could still be an important source of clean energy.

Ocean currents are one source of natural energy that no one has tapped before, either because they weren’t aware of it or didn’t have the technology to capture it. Most people are familiar with solar or wind power, but while they are promising, they are limited by their quality and consistency.

Underwater (or tidal) turbines are a fairly straightforward concept, as far as cutting edge energy technology goes. They are essentially windmills installed onto an ocean floor or river bed. The underwater current produced by the tides spins blades arranged like an airplane propeller. These turbines are attached to a gear box, which is connected to an electrical generator. This produces the electricity that is carried by cable to shore. Once it’s plugged into an electrical grid, the electricity can be distributed.

THE ADVANTAGE

Although underwater turbines are essentially the same thing as windmills, they have a few advantages over their above-ground cousins. Windmills require land, especially wind farms — assemblages of dozens or hundreds of windmills. The future of land use (how land is developed and what it’s used for) is becoming a major topic of discussion. With 6 billion people on the planet and counting, space is at a premium – not just for housing, but for crop production and more. Underwater turbines overcome this problem.

Another advantage of underwater energy capture comes from water’s high density. Water is denser than air, which means that the same amount of energy can be produced by an underwater turbine as a windmill, but at slower speeds and over less area. What’s more, while the amount of wind that passes over any given area of land can be unpredictable, the kinetic energy of tidal areas is dependable. The ebb and flow is so predictable, a given tidal region can be expressed in the amount of kilowatt hours of electricity it can produce per turbine.

Scientists have been examining the amount of energy found in a tidal pool in monthlong periods. There are two main measurements. Mean spring peak velocity is the highest velocity of tidal movement that can be found in an area during a single month. Mean neap peak cycle is the lowest point in velocity that a tidal area experiences in a month. These two measurements can help approximate the greatest and least amounts of velocity found in any given tidal pool over the course of a month.

GENERATING METHODS

Tidal power can be classified into four generating methods:

1. Tidal stream generators (or TSGs) make use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines, in a similar way to wind turbines that use wind to power turbines. These turbines can be horizontal, vertical, open, or ducted and are typically placed near the bottom of the water column where tidal velocities are greatest.
2. Tidal barrages make use of the potential energy in the difference in height between high and low tides. When using tidal barrages to generate power, the potential energy from a tide is seized through strategic placement of specialized dams. When the sea level rises and the tide begins to come in, the temporary increase in tidal power is channeled into a large basin behind the dam, holding a large amount of potential energy. With the receding tide, this energy is then converted into mechanical energy as the water is released through large turbines that create electrical power through the use of generators.
3. Dynamic tidal power (or DTP) is an untried but promising technology that would exploit an interaction between potential and kinetic energies in tidal flows. It proposes that very long dams (for example: 30–50 km length) be built from coasts straight out into the sea or ocean, without enclosing an area. Tidal phase differences are introduced across the dam, leading to a significant water-level differential in shallow coastal seas.
4. Tidal lagoon, a newer tidal energy design option is to construct circular retaining walls embedded with turbines that can capture the potential energy of tides. The created reservoirs are similar to those of tidal barrages, except that the location is artificial and does not contain a preexisting ecosystem. The lagoons can also be in double (or triple) format without pumping or with pumping that will flatten out the power output.

WASTE MINERAL FIBRE By KAGC College

WASTE MINERAL FIBRE

HISTORY OF DROPPED CEILING

Ceilings are classified according to their appearance or construction. A cathedral ceiling is any tall ceiling area similar to those in a church. A dropped ceiling is one in which the finished surface is constructed anywhere from a few inches or centimetres to several feet or a few metres below the structure above it. This may be done for aesthetic purposes, such as achieving a desirable ceiling height; or practical purposes such as acoustic damping or providing a space for HVAC or piping. An inverse of this would be a raised floor. A concave or barrel-shaped ceiling is curved or rounded upward, usually for visual or acoustical value, while a coffered ceiling is divided into a grid of recessed square or octagonal panels, also called a “lacunar ceiling”. A cove ceiling uses a curved plaster transition between wall and ceiling; it is named for cove molding, a molding with a concave curve. A stretched ceiling (or stretch ceiling) uses a number of individual panels using material such as PVC fixed to a permieter rail.

Ceilings have frequently been decorated with fresco painting, mosaic tiles and other surface treatments. While hard to execute (at least in place) a decorated ceiling has the advantage that it is largely protected from damage by fingers and dust. In the past, however, this was more than compensated for by the damage from smoke from candles or a fireplace. Many historic buildings have celebrated ceilings. Perhaps the most famous is the Sistine.

INTRODUCING WASTE MINERAL FIBRE

Waste mineral fibre is generally “off-spec” mineral fibre products generated by the manufacturers of mineral or glass wool. Providing the waste material is a clean, consistent mineral fibre, it is generally suitable for use in the manufacture of ceiling tiles or in other applications.

The waste mineral wool/fibre is used as a direct substitute for other mineral fibres, and is dispersed in a solution of cold water, before being blended with the other fillers and binder ingredients. The mass is then formed into a continuous mat before being cut into sheets for drying. The dried sheets are then fabricated, “finish coated” and cut to final size.

Mineral fibre ceiling tiles contain up to 75% recycled content (6, 7). The content of recycled mineral fibre is not clear. However, levels of substitution of new fibre by waste fibre could be as high as 100% by weight, (the tile may be 25 to 75% mineral fibre). Ceiling tiles have a range of performance characteristics which can include resistance and reaction to fire properties, acoustical absorption and attenuation, light reflectance, basic physical strength and durability. The content and type of mineral wool used in these products will impact on these characteristics. The ceiling tile manufacturing industry has a history and willingness to utilise byproducts and has often replaced virgin raw materials with (usually) lower cost alternatives. The use of blastfurnace slag (from iron smelting) as the main mineral input into the melting and spinning process for mineral wool, as an alternative to quarried rock is one example. Starch recovered from the potato snack industry has been used as an alternative binder to virgin material in the manufacture of ceiling tiles.

CHARACTERISATION AND BENEFITS

As fibre waste is inert, downstream processing will also usually not change that, but individual waste streams may differ. Results of basic waste analysis to assess waste mineral fibre for use in this product sector are as follows:

Mineral phases/oxide composition Glass	SiO2, Al2O3, CaO and MgO
Visual description	Grey/green/ yellow/pink fibres; yellow binder
Moisture content (%)	0.5%
Loss on ignition (%)	< 1% by weight
Contamination (specify)	< 5% by weight of non-fibrous material

Potential benefits:

• Material related
  ii Local suppliers save both financial and environmental costs.
• Legislation-related
• Environmental-organisational-social
  ii. The use of waste fibre reduces the environmental impact caused by the production of virgin alternatives.
  iii. Avoidance of material going to landfill
• Economic
  iv. Gate fee (benefit to manufacturer)
  v. The need to buy primary material is reduced (benefit to manufacturer)

KAGC College

KAGC COLLEGE

KAGC college has been regarded as one of the leading institutions in environmental-focused courses with positive objectives. Our professionally-moulded graduates ready for the international creative industry are the result of KAGC's green education and industry-oriented teaching and learning approaches.

KAGC was established in 2011. It has grown from its early beginnings as a Skills Training Provider into its present fully accredited College providing a wide variety of academic courses. Our academic courses are approved by the Ministry of Higher Education, whilst the skills courses are approved by the Ministry of Human Resources.

Vision

The long term mission of KAGC is to become a world class leading provider of academic and skills courses so that we will continuous provide holistic education for the future generations of young school leavers and young adults who are in pursuit of higher education

Mission

Our mission is to be a globally renowned college providing up-to-date approved and accredited academic and skills courses for young learners who aspire to join the work force in the new millennium.

Student Achievement:

Here are some briefings on our students' achievements throughout their studies in KAGC. Our Students are well equipped with the necessary knowledge they need to know regarding their courses. Our students are sent for practicals in order for them to get experience in their respective fields before hitting the job market. Internship are arranged by the college for the students' career pathways. This has polished our students' work performance and intergrity.

Our dedication to learning and success as an institution has produced many outstanding alumni. We are honored to be recognized as a leader in our field and continue to commit to excellence in operations. Our exhaustive list of accolades range from national to international - testimony to our unwavering commitment towards excellence in teaching and learning.

KAGC College

With good financial backing to upgrade its facilities, offers excellent student support so our students are able to develop holistically for their educational enhancement. At students have access to several facilities and resources on and off campus. With the help of dedicated staff members, students' psychological and emotional welfare are also cared for through the emotional counselling services offered and the many extra-curricular activities available.

KAGC has been regarded as one of the leading institutions in environmental-focused courses with positive objectives.